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}} |national_anthem = | ---- | |other_symbol_type = National seal |other_symbol = |image_map = Brazil (orthographic projection).svg |alt_map = |map_caption = |capital = Brasília |latd=15 |latm=47 |latNS=S |longd=47 |longm=52 |longEW=W |largest_city = São Paulo |official_languages = Portuguese〔Libras, Brazilian Portuguese sign language, is officially recognized as a legal means of communication in (【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Brazilian Government )〕 |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2010〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Caracteristicas da População e dos Domicílios do Censo Demográfico 2010 — Cor ou raça )〕 |demonym = Brazilian |government_type = Federal presidential constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Dilma Rousseff |leader_title2 = Vice President |leader_name2 = Michel Temer |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = President of the Federal Senate |leader_name4 = |leader_title5 = President of the Supreme Federal Court |leader_name5 = Ricardo Lewandowski |legislature = National Congress |upper_house = Federal Senate |lower_house = Chamber of Deputies |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves |established_event1 = Declared |established_date1 = 7 September 1822 |established_event2 = Recognized |established_date2 = 29 August 1825 |established_event3 = Republic |established_date3 = 15 November 1889 |established_event4 = Current constitution |established_date4 = 5 October 1988 |area_rank = 5th |area_magnitude = 1 E12 |area_km2 = 8515767 |area_sq_mi = 3287597 |percent_water = 0.65 |area_label = Total |population_estimate = 204,451,000〔("Brazil" ). IMF population estimates.〕 |population_estimate_year = 2015 |population_estimate_rank = 5th |population_density_km2 = 23.8 |population_density_sq_mi = 62 |population_density_rank = 190th |GDP_PPP = $3.259 trillion〔〔(IMF,April 2015 )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 7th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $15,941〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 74th |GDP_nominal = $1.799 trillion 〔(IMF, October 2015 )〕 |GDP_nominal_rank = 9th |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $9,312〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 60th |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = decrease |Gini = 51.9 |Gini_ref = 〔(Country Comparison to the World: Gini Index – Brazil ) The World Factbook. Retrieved on 3 April 2012.〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.744 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 79th |currency = Real (R$) |currency_code = BRL |time_zone = BRT |utc_offset = −2 to −5 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = −2 to −5 |DST_note = |antipodes = |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |drives_on = right |calling_code = +55 |iso3166code = |cctld = .br |footnote_a = Multiracial }} Brazil (; (ポルトガル語:Brasil) (:bɾaˈziw) 〔The European Portuguese pronunciation is 〕), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in both South America and the Latin American region. It is the world's fifth-largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the largest Portuguese-speaking country in the world, and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of .〔 It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and occupies 47.3 percent of the continent of South America.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BRAZIL – Land )〕 Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection. Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. The country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military ''coup d'état''. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, after which civilian governance resumed. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a federal republic.〔 〕 The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, and the 5,570 municipalities. Brazil's economy is the world's ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP (PPP) as of 2015.〔(IMF, October 2015 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA – The World Factbook – Country Comparisons – GDP (purchasing power parity) )〕 A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the world's fastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition and influence. Brazil's national development bank plays an important role for the country's economic growth. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Unasul, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, CPLP and the Latin Union. Brazil is a regional power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs, with some analysts identifying it as an emerging global power. One of the world's major breadbaskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.〔 ==Etymology== (詳細はbrazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called ''pau-brasil'', with the word ''brasil'' commonly given the etymology "red like an ember", formed from Latin ''brasa'' ("ember") and the suffix ''-il'' (from ''-iculum'' or ''-ilium''). As brazilwood produces a deep red dye, it was highly valued by the European cloth industry and was the earliest commercially exploited product from Brazil. Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by indigenous peoples (mostly Tupi) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods. The official Portuguese name of the land, in original Portuguese records, was the "Land of the Holy Cross" (''Terra da Santa Cruz''), but European sailors and merchants commonly called it simply the "Land of Brazil" (''Terra do Brasil'') on account of the brazilwood trade. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Portuguese name. Early sailors sometimes also called it the "Land of Parrots" (''Terra di Papaga''). In the Guarani language, an official language of Paraguay, Brazil is called "Pindorama". This was the name the indigenous population gave to the region, meaning "land of the palm trees". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brazil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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